Speed-tbansfobmeb



IVI. M. GOLDBERG.

SPEED THANSFORNIER.

APPLICATIUN FILED N0v.4,1915.

1,328,083, Patented Jan.13,192o.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MAXIMILIAN M. GOLDBERG, OFDAYTON, OHIO.

SPEED-TRANSFORMER.

Application filed November 4, 1915.

To all whom t may concern Be it known that I, MAXIMLLIAN M. GOLD- Bnne, a citizen of the United States, residing at Dayton, in the county of Montgomery and State of Ohio, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Speed- Transformers, of which I declare the following to be a full, clear and exact description.

This invention relates to a speed transformer, comprising a rotatable armature, a bodily rotatable magnetic field, and speed regulating means..

The principal object of this invention is to provide a speed transformer which, when connected with a constant or approximately constant speed motor, will deliver power like a varying speed motor. Y

Another object of this invention is to provide means whereby the direction of rotation of the driven member, c., the power receiving body, may be reversed without stopping or changing the speed of the driving device, z'. e., the constant speed driving motor.

A further object of this invention is to provide means for varying the current supplied to the rotating field so as to modify or vary as desired the torque transmitted through the speed transformer.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide means whereby the action of the speed transformer may be reversed; that is, that part of the transformer which is normally driven at a varying speed is operated at a constant speed and that part which is normally connected to the constant speed driving motor and consequently operated at a constant speed becomes a driven member and runs at a varying speed. Such a case may exist where it is necessary to start a constant speed driving motor having no self starting properties by an auxiliary device and then the constant speed motor becomes a varying speed load. That part of the transformer referred to above as normally operating at a constant speed is the electromagnetic ield and the part normally running at a varying speed is the casing or housing which carries a system of planetary gearing and is connected to the load by the clutch device to be referred to more particularly hereinafter. When the transformer of the present invention is operating in reversed order, that is, whenthe electromagnetic field is rotating at a varying speed, the

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 13, 1920.

Serial No. 59,643.

action of the transformer of the present invention is identical to the action of the speed transformer fully shown and described in the co-pending application for Letters Patent of the United States, Serial No. 39,096, filed July 10, 1915, by Maximilian M. Goldberg and reference may be had thereto for a complete description of the same.

As mentioned above, in the illustrative form of embodiment of the present invention this arrangement with means for reversing the action of the speed transformer is shown in connection with a constant speed motor which has no self starting properties and which operates the transformer after this motor has been started by the auxiliary starting device. As is well known, constant speed motors have (with a very few exceptions) no starting torque and consequently no tendency to start to rotate and for this reason a special auxiliary motor is used in each case for starting purposes and this auxiliary motor must of necessity have a varying speed characteristic,since the starting of the constant speed motor is a varying speed load. Vith the transformer of the present invention a constant speed motor may be used as the auxiliary starting device.

In the present invention a small shunt generator is used to supply current to the rotating electromagnetic field. It is well known that a shunt generator will run as a shunt motor when supplied with current from a battery or other source of electrical. energy. Consequently it is only necessary for starting purposes to connect this generator to the above mentioned casing of the transformer. By connecting the terminals of this generator to the battery the latter will drive the generator as a starting motor which in turn will drive the speed transformer and start the main driving motor which, of course, at this time constitutes a varying speed load. In this connection, it may be mentioned that in the majority of cases where constant speed motors are used, especially on vehicles such as locomotives, automobiles and the like, electric current is necessary for lighting and other purposes and for such purposes the vehicles are provided with generators and batteries. In the present invention the saine generator which is used to supply current to the electroma gnetic field is used for lighting purposes and also as the starting motor for operating the speed transformer to start the main driving motor and also to charge the battery. To; this end the driven member of the speed` transformer is disconnected from the power' receiver or device to be operated and connected to the starting motor. After the. main driving motor has reached its normalv speed andl becomes the driver the starting; motor is automatically coupled tothe mainv driving motor and continues to operate, but. now as a shunt generator to supply the neces-- sary current to the electromagnetic field ofc the transformer, the lighting system and also to charge the battery. By reconnecting the driven member of the speed transformerl with the power receiver the latter is operated by the "main driving motor through the` speed transformer.

With theseand incidental objects in View,I the invention consists in certain novel features of construction and combinations of? parts,` the essential' elements ofwhich areset `forth in appended claims, anda pre-- ferredfform of. embodiment of which is hereinafter described. with referen-ceto the: drawings whichaccompany and form a. parti of this specification.

. Ofsaid drawings:

Figure 1 is atop plan. view ofthe present; invention showing. the ,speed transformer in'. horizontal crosssection.

Fig. 2 is a detail' cross sectional view' taken on the line B -B ofL Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 isa detail crossl sectional Viewl taken. on the line `Afri of Fig. 1.

Fig. 4f is a horizontalcrosssectional vie.r showing a modified form ofthe present in vention. I i

Fig. 5is a cross sectional view taken on` the. line C-C of Fig. 1l and shows thcclutch device through which the starting motor is driven the main driving motor.

vHaving vdescribed* above the general construction of the present invention and the objects to be accomplished, .the specificmeans shown in the'present illustrative form of embodiment for accomplishing. these ob jects will now be described in detail.

A constant speed motor S (Fig. 1) isv adapted to rotate a shaft 9 suitably supported by three brackets or standards'10. Rigidly mounted on the shaft 9 vis an electromagnetic field comprising a core 11 with field windings 12 supplied with current as hereinafter described. This electromagnetic field is mounted within a squirrel cage armature 14 which is loosely mounted on the shaft 9. The armature 14 may be of any well known direct or alternating current type or construction, the, squirrel. cage arma.-

ture comprising end disks 15 and 16, conducting. bars and laminations 1 8 beingprelferred. The disks 15 andv16are preferably of .non-magnetic material and are rigidly connectedfby a circular casing 13. Rigidly mounted-fon a llnib .19,.of the .disk .lr6 (Figs.

1 and of the armature is a pinion 22. Two pinions 23 having equal diameters mesh with the pinion 22 and are rigidly mounted on appropriate shafts 24: journaled at their ends in a casing or housing 25. This casing 25 comprises a hollow cylindrical member 2 6, and a disk 27 which constitutes one side of they easing and is rigidly connected by pins or xscrews to internal lugs 28 on the member 26. The member 26 of the casing is loosely mounted 'on'ithe shaft 9.and the disk '27r is loose on the hub 19 of lthe disk 16 of the armature.: Rigidly mounted on the shaft9v'andA adjacent the pinion 22fis a pinion 30 meshing with two pinions 31 lalso rigidly mounted on the shafts 24,. I y' l Splined on the hub 32 of the member 2G of the casing 25 is a clutch disk 33 which maybe offany desired c onstruction.` :This disk 33 is splined4 on the hub s "o that it may rotate'with the casing25 and alsobe shifted on the hub 32 to"co uple the casing and a Lbevel gear 34; together. The bevel gear is loosely mounted'on 'the shaft 9I and meshes with a bevel gear 35 fast on a shaft 36i'which is connected Ito the load to be operatedat a varying speed. yAny-desired means may be employed to 'the' clut ch"'disk 33 `on thehub 32,:,a`lev'er 38'p ivotedy at 39 being shown in 'thel preferred form for accomplishing the function. The lever 38 carries apin 450 (shown in `dotted lines in Fig. 1) which projects into an angular groove 11K in the; clutch disk 33 so .thatthe latter may be shifted bythe lever 3S and also be rotated independently of this lever. Let it be assumed'thatthe main driving motor is operating to drive the shaft 9 and the electromagnetic field. and that lno electric current isl supplied to the windings 12 of the electromagnetic field. The rotation of the Shaft e, through the, gear-522,23; so and 31, will then rotatefthe" armature in the sanne direction as lthe field and at a speed depending upon the'fproportion of these gears 22, 23, 3Q and 31'. If the'ield body.` is rotating at'thefconstantspeed, V under these conditions the speed. X` of theI armature will be where Rn R2, R3 andRJt represent the radii of thev gears 23, 31, 22 and 30 respectively.

Letting R-,R4

Then X MV By making M very near one. the speed X the armature ngiay be'y very near thewspeed V of. the field... ci.,the relatvefspeedbetweenfthe field andthe armature-may be made ,very small. l l

When the current is supplied to the field windings l2 electromotive forces, depending upon the relative speed of the field and the armature, will be induced in the closed circuits of the armature and an electric current will flow in said armature circuits. As pointed out more fully in the aforesaid copending application, due to the force exerted by the field upon the current traversed armature conductors a mutual drag will be exerted between the field and the armature and the speed of the latter will change so as to reduce the relative speed between the field and the armature. If the above described system of planetary gearing were not employed and the armature were connected directly to the power receiving shaft 36, the range of speed of the armature would be the same as that of this shaft, z'. c., from standstill to its maximum speed. Then the relative speed between 'the field and the armature would show a very large variation and this would involve high resistance losses in the armature circuits. The use of the above described system of planetary gearing reduces these losses to a negligible quantity, for it reduces the relative speed between the field and the armature to a very small value.

As the speed of the eld in the present construction is constant an increase of the speed of the armature due to the currents induced in the armature circuits when current is'supplied to the field windings 12 will cause the casing 25 with the shafts Q4 to rotate in the same direction as the field regardless of whether M is larger or smaller than one. If now Z is the new speed of the armature and Y the speed of the casing the following relation exists:

which shows that the change in the speed of the power receiving bevel gear 34 is accompanied by but a very small change of speed of the armature.

lV hen M is smaller than one, then with .increasing speed of the power receiving bevel gear 34 the speed of the armature increases until its speed reaches the speed of the field.

Then Zzv Then ZIY l-M) -|-MV:V and Y:V:Z

[n short the field, the armature aud the casing or bevel gear 34| will rotate at the same speed V.

This speed is the synchronous speed. of the transformer and is similar to the synchronous speed of the system shown in the aforesaid copending application. The above equations are independent of whether the speed of the driving motor is constant or not. In fact a variable .or varying speed v-zzvn-M) Yohan which equation is also similar' to the one given in the aforesaid copending application.

Since with decreasing relative speed between the field and the armature the torque between them decreases the characteristic of the system is that of a varying speed motor i. e., the torque increases with the lower speeds and decreases with higher speeds.

It can now be seen that with the above described construction a method is attained for the transformation of a constant speed motor into a varying speed motor, that is while the power delivered at the shaft 9 has constant speed characteristics the power delivered to the shaft 36 has varying speed characteristics. In other words, by the provision of this speed transformer a motor having the so-called series characteristic is obtained.

iVhen M is larger than one, the speed X of the armature will be larger than the constant speed of the field. As soon as current is supplied to the field the action between the field and the armature is such as to decrease their relative speed and since the speed of the field is constant the speed of the armature will decrease. This decrease in the speed of the armature will cause the casing 25 to rotate in the saine direction with the field. It can therefore be seen that it makes no difference whether M is smaller or larger than one, as the casing and therefore the power receiving bevel gear 3i will rotate in the sanie direction as the lield and this with varying speed depending upon the varying load. The greater the relative speed between the field and the armature the greater the torque exerted and the slower will be the speed of the casing 25 and the shaft 36; and the smallerl the relative speed the smaller the torque and the higher the speed of the casing and the shaft 36. The characteristic of the system is consequently a varying speed characteristic.

The positions of the held and armature shown in the preferred form in Fig. 1 may be reversed, if desired, as illustrated in Fig. lli. In this figure the arma ture 14 is shown as being rigidly mounted on the shaft 9 driven by the main driving motor S and the electromagnetic field is shown as compris ing poles 45 and field windings l2 which are carried in a frame 46 loosely mounted on the shaft 9. The pinion Q2 is rigidly mounted on the hub 't9 on one side of the frame 46, and slip rings 47 through which the current is supplied to the field windings' 12 are tast on a hub 48- on the opposite side tween the armature and the field, the above' equationsy being applicable also to this modified construction.-

In-order to reverse the direction of rotation of the power` receiving shatt136 without reversing the constant `speed driving motor- 8, it-isonly --necessary when-M; is smaller thanone to yapply a brake to the armature and open thel circuit through the eld windings- 12. This `brake maybe of any desired construction, that shown-in the drawings being used orillustration. This brake comprises a circular flangevO integral-with the disk 16 of the armature. A metal ribbon 52 is mounted in a groove 51 formed in the periphery of the flange 50.y The ends ofthe ribbon- 52 are connected toa lever 53 pivoted at 54. When the clutch disk 33 is in positionto couple the casing 25 and the gear 34 together and the circuitsuppglying current tothe e'ld windings 12 is open the application of the brake decreases the speed of the armature and hence that ofthe driven shaft until the latter will come `to a standstill when the speed of the armature has become XzMV. A continued application of the brake will slow down the armature still more'and the power receiving shaft will rotate, in the reverse direction.

As above stated, the main driving motor 8l has no self-starting properties.V In order to start this motor a shunt generator 60 is operated as a motor. This starting motor 60 is adapted torotate a shaft v61'journaled near its ends in brackets or standards 62. Rigidly mounted on the shaftv 61 is a gear 63 meshingwith a gear 64 loose on the hub 32 of the member 26v of the casing 25. The gear .64 on one side is provided with clutch projections 65.-l The clutch disk 33 is so constructed that it may be slid on the hub 32'and into engagement Vwith the projections .65 to couple together `the gear .64 andthe casing 25'.A Currentl is supplied tothe starting mov tor to start the same by a .battery 66 or any other suitable source of electric. energy.

Then a switch 68` is closed theQbattery *sup4 pliescurrent to the Pstarting motor .60 the circuit Vbeing as follows.;A from the battery 66 throughfwire 675 switch 68, wire 74, brush 'ifa-desired,"toy supply current to the' lamps 70010f thelocomotive,-automoblie or other vehiclewto which the inventiony is applied when the vehicleis at standstill.`

llhen itis desired to start the main driving motor S the clutch disk 33 is iirst shifted on the hub 32 to couple the gear 64' and the casing 25. together and thenwthe switch-68 is closed to start the starting motor 60.' lVhenthe switch 68 is closed the batteryY G6v supplies current also to the field coilsl 12, the circuit being as follows: from the battery 66,y wire 67, switch 68,- wi-re 74,'wire 75, rheostat 76, wire 77, brush 78 engaging a slip ring 79,through` the, field` windings I127 slip ring `80, brush 81 engaging the slip ring S0, wire S2, yclosed switch S35 wire 34-andV wire 7 3 back-'to the battery. The slip rings' 79 and S0 are fast onthe shaft 9. lheop.-I eration ot the starting motor throughthe gears 63-and64 and the clutch'disk33 ro'- tates-thecasi-ng 25 in thesame direction as this casing -is rotatedwhen the main driving motor 8 is operating the same as above described. The'main drivingmotor at this time, however, constitutes a load. It` can be seen that when the easingg25 is rotatedy in this manner that the shafts 24.` revolve and at the same time rotate because of the mesh;l ing of the gears 32: and 23 and 30 and 31. Due to the fact that these gearsy are ot difierent radii, the armature willrotate' ata speed depending upon the proportion otthegears.l As currentis, supplied to the lieldcoils 12 at the same time by the battery 66 anelec'- tromotive force is induced inthe varmature 100 conductors and a torquefis exerted between the armature and the field in'consequence of' which the field and shaft 9 begin to'rotate Iand the field is operated at a varyingspeed by the constant speed motor which,` inI this 105 case, is the startingymotor 60.v When the speed transformer is operated in this way by the starting .motor 60 .the action of` the speed transformer is identical `to that of the4 speedtransformer shown and described in 110 the. aforesaid opending application and for a more detailed description of the same ref. erence may be had thereto.

Vhen the `main driving motor 8 reaches its normal speed the clutch disk33v is slid 115 on the hub 32 of the member 26 of the Casing 25 to eouplelthe lattertothe bevel gear 34. Then the actionrot'the Vspeed transformer is reversed,`-z`. e., the iield is rotated at va constant speed and theJ casing 25 and 120 hence the power.receivingshaft 36 'are rotated at a varying speed as 'above described.

As above stated, inrlthefmajority otcases" where constant .speed driving motors are. used, as onv vehiclestsmall shuntlgenerators 125 are used to supply current orlightingpur-f poses. Inv the present invention the,- shuntT generator 60 is operated'k as a shuntlnotor; to start, the main drivingmotor, asabove, described, and is operated by the main driv- 130 ing motor after the latter reaches its normal speed to supply current to the lighting sys tem and the field coils 12 and also to charge the battery.

The following desired device is interposed between the main driving motor and the starting motor so that when the main driving' motor, which has a somewhat greater speed than the motor 60, is operating the speed transformer it drives the starting motor which then operates as a shunt generator. Iligidly mounted on the shaft 9 is a gear S5 (Fig. l) which meshes with a gear 86 loose on the shaft 61. lVhen the gear S6 is driven by the main driving motor and as the. latter approaches its normal speed a clutch automatically couple-s the gear S6 and the shaft 61 together so that the starting motor is operated as a generator by the main driving motor. This clutch comprises a disk 90 (Figs. 1 and 5) fast on the shaft 61. The disk 90 has cut away portions 92 in which are seated rollers 93 adapted to coperate with the inner periphery of a circular flange 94 on the gear S6. Spring plungers 95 are seated in the disk 90 and coperate with rollers 98. These plungers 95 tend to force the rollers 93 away from the nearly radial sides of the cutaway portions 92 so that the rollers 93 are retained in engagement with the inner periphery of the flange 94.

From this description it can be seen that when the disk 90 is rotated at a greater speed than the gear S6 that is, while the starting motor 60 is operating as a motor, the rotation of the disk 90 tends to move the rollers 93 toward the nearly radial edges of the cutaway portions 92 so that the rollers do not frictionally connect the disk 90 and the gear 86. When, however, the reverse condition is present, z'. c., when the gear S6 is rotated at a greater speed than the disk 90 as the main driving motor 8 approaches its normal speed, the rollers 93. frictionally couple the disk 90 and gear 86 together so that the disk 90, shaft 61 and shaft 9 are operated together. The shunt starting motor 60 is then operated' as a shunt generator and supplies current to the field coils 12, and with the switch 68 closed charges the battery 66 and supplies current to the lamps 700.

As shown the action of the clutch intermediate the gear 86 and the shaft 61 depends upon this gear 86 running at a higher speed than shaft 61. In most cases it is not necessary to bring the main driving motor up to its normal speed. As soon as it has reached a certain speed below its normal speed it will speed up by itself to normal speed. In cases, however, where the constant speed driving motor does. not possess this property as, for instance, in a case of an alternating current synchronous motor it is necessary to bring this motor up to its normal speed and this would require that the auxiliary shunt motor 60 be run at a higher speed than the main driving motor. This assumes that the gears 63 and 64C are of the same size. In order to render the clutch eiective in this case it is only necessary to proportion the gears 85 and 86 so that the gear 86 runs at a higher speed than the gear '85, that is, the gear SG should be smaller than the gear 85.

Another way of rendering this clutch etective in cases where the main driving motor does not possess the property of speed ing up by itself is by changing the iield resistance (not shown in the drawings) of the shunt generator GO. As is well known in the art, the speed oi i shunt motor can be varied by changing its field current. It is then only necessary to adjust the field resista-nce so that its normal speed as a motor is higher than its normal speed as a generator. This will also accomplish the desired result without making the ratio of the gears 85 and 86 different Afrom that ot the gears 64 and 63.

The rheostat 7 6 may be employed to var v the current supplied to the coils 12 oit' the field and thereby vary as desired thetorque transmitted through the speed transformer. The switch 83, which is opened when the brake comprising the circular flange 50 and the metal ribbon 52 is applied, may be omitted if desired as the rheostat may be operated to open the circuit if desired.

While the form of mechanism herein described and shown is admirably adapted to full the objects primarily stated, it is to be understood that it is not intended to conine the invention to the one torni of embodiment shown and described herein, as it is susceptible or embodiment in various forms all coming within the scope of the claims which follow.

What is claimed is 1. In a speed transformer, the combination with rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a driven member, means for rotating the held at a constant speed, a gear fast to the armature, a. gear rast to the field, a device adapted to be connected to the driven member, and two gears lcarried by said device and meshingwith the gears 'fast to the armature and the field, the intermeshing gears being of such a ratio that a small change in the speed of the armature effects a large change in the speed ot the driven member and the relative speed between the field and the arn'iature is less than that between tlie field and the driven element except when both relative speeds become zero.

2i. In a speed transformer', the combination with a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatablemagneticv field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of means for directly rotating said field, a member adapted to rotate at a varying speed, a shaft carried by saidv member, two 'gears fast on said shaft, a. gearfast to the armature and meshingA with one Ofsaid gears on saidshaft, a gear fast to saideld and meshing with the other gear on the shaft, the ratio of theintermeshing gears being such thatthe relative speed j between the armature and field is less'than that between the field andthe member except-when both 'relativespeeds become zero. i

3. in a 'speed transformer, the combination with rotatable armature-and a bodily rotatable magnetic fieldvadapted to act` upon each other so as to reduce their 'relative speed, the field being normally rotated 'at a constant speed as the driving member while the armature is rotated at a varyingspeed, an element, means interposed between y'the field, armature and element for automatically maintaining therelative speedzbetween the tfield and the armature less'thair that between the field and the element except when lboth relativespeeds become Zero and means for reversing the actionV `of the lspeedtransformer so that the elementis rotated at a constant speed and the e'ldat a varying speed as the driven member, the relative speed between the field and armature then being less than'that between the element and the field 'except when both relative .speeds become Zero.

Li. In a speed trans-former,`the combination with two members, z'. e., a rotatable armatureand a bodily rotatable magnetic-field adapted to act upon eachother so as to revduce their relative speed, of a driving device for normally operating oneofy said members at a? constant speed, an elenient, asystem'of planetar n gearing interposed between 'the two members and theelement'forautomatically maintaining the relative speedbetween the two members lessthan'y that betweenlthe member rotated at a. constant speed and the element except when both relative speeds become Zero, and anauxiliary device for operating said element at a constant'sp'eed, the member normally operated at ai constant speed then being operated'at a varying'speed and the relative speed between the field and armature then being Aless than that between the eldand the element except whenboth relative speeds become zero.

5. In speed transformer, the combination with a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce. theirl relative speed, of a constant speed motor for nor- .mally driving said field at a constant speed,

a driven element, means for automatically maintaining the relative speed between the armature and field less than that between the field and the element except when both speeds vbecome zero, and an auxiliary device for operating said means to operate said field at a varying speed and thereby start said motor. y

6. In a speed` transformer, the combination with a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field4 adapted to act 1upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a constant speed driving motor for normally driving said iield at' a constant speed, a ldriven element, means forautomatically maintaining the relativespeed between' the varmature and field alwaysless 'than that between -the field and the driven element except when both relative speeds become zero, an auxiliary Imotor for operating said meansY to operate said Ifieldat a varying speed and thereby. startsaid driving "motor, andl means kwherebythe driving motor operates the'auxiliary motor as a shuntl generator to supply current tothe' eld.

7. `In aspeed transformer, the. combination'with a rotatable armature and af'bodily rotatable magnetic `field adapted to act V.upon each hotherlso4 asto reduce their relative speed, of a devicefor normally operating Vthe field asthe `driverfwfigilethe armature rotated due to currents induced in its circuits, a driven"element, means interposed between the armature, field and elementfor automatitrally maintaining the relative' speed between the armature and field normally vless than thatV between the' field and the element "except when .both relative.speeds4 be` come lzero, and `ni'echanisniforfoperating the element as a driver to reverse'the action of the transformer so that the field becomes the driven member and'the 'relative'.speed be -tweenthe' field and armature is 'less'than that"i betweeifthe' element and field "except when both relative speeds become zero.

8.l In a "speedtransformer,- lthe combination with a rotatable armature and a'bodily rotatable 'magnetic iield'adapted tok `acti 'upon leach' other to reducetheir-relativespeed, of aj device 'forfope'rati-ng 'said field-,the armature being" rotated due 't0 currents' induced inits 'cireuits, a driven 'elementfi'neans interposed between the field, armatureand'element for automatically maintaining-therel- 4'ative speed betweenthe field and armature 4less than4 that' 'between the field and element except when both relativefspeedsl become VZero, andl an auxiliary mechani'sm'L for 'oper- Nz itingsaid 'means and therebystart the "oper- VVVating device.

" 9.'4 In a'fspeedftransformer,` the combinationwith a" rotatable'armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic -eld adapted to actlupon eachotherA to 'reducetheir'relative speed, of a device forfloperating said'field, the armature vbeingrotated due tofcurrents induced inits'- circuits, a driven element, planetary gearing' interposedbetweenthe field', armature and element Afor automatically inaintaining the relative speed between the field and armature less than that between the field and element except when both relative speeds become zero, and anauxiliary mechanism foroperating said planetary gearing and y thereb start the operating device.

iro

. element, a system o 10. n a speed transformer, the combinationwith two members, z'. e.,'a rotatable adapted to drive the member, normally driven at a constant speed, at a varying speed though said system of planetary gearing when the auxiliary device is connected to the system-of planetary gearing. f

. 11. In a speed transformer, the combination with two rotating members, that is, a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a constant speed motor for driving one of said members at a constant speed while the othermember is rotating at a varying speed, means operated at a varying speed and adapted to automatically control in accordance to the 'load the -speed of the member rotated ata varying speed, a driven `element, a device for cqnnecting said means and said element at will, an auxiliary ldevice for operating said means to start said motor and adapted to be ,varying speed and thereby start said driving.

' connected at will'to said means by said ldevice. v 12. .In a speedtransformer, the combina- Ation witha rotatable armature and a bodily v rotatable magnetic field adapted to act upon `each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a constant speed driving motor for v,normally driving said field at a constant speed while the armature is rotatin at a varying speed, means for automa-tical ycontrolling in accordance to the load the speed of the armature, an auxiliary motor for operating said means to operate said field at a motor, and an automatic clutch whereby the drivin motor drives said auxiliary motor as as unt generator to supply current to the field while the driving motor is operating at its normal speed.

13. .In a speed transformer, the combination with a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a constant s eed driving motor for normally driving said field at a constant speed, a s stern of lanetary gearing for automatical y contro ling in accordance to the load .the speed of the armature, an auxiliary motor for operatin said'system of gearin to operate said fiel at a varying speed an lthereb start said drivin motor and an automatic clutch whereby e driving motor drives the 'auxiliary motor as a shunt generator to supply current to the field while the driving motor is operating at its 4normal speed. 14. In a speed transformer, the combination with two niembers, that is a rotatable arma-ture and abodily rotatable magnetic. field, adapted to nact upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, offa driven element, a prime mover for directly rotatin one of said members, a earfast to eac member, a device adapte to ybe connected vto the driven elei'i'ient, and twol ears'carried by said device and meshin with the ears fast to the armature and eld, the ratio of the intermeshing gears being such that the relative speed b'etWeenvthe two members is less than that between the driven element and the memberfdwirectly driven by the rime mover except when both relative spee s become z ero, and ineans for varying the ield current as desired to vary the torque transmitted through transformer.

15. In a transformer, the combination with two members z'. e., a rotatable armature and a bojdily rotatable magnetic field vadapted to act iipon each other so as. to reduce their relative speed, of a driven element, means foi rotating one of said members at a. constant speed while the other member "is rotatin at a varying speed,

y means for automatically Acontrolling in accordance to the load the relative speed between said two members, and means for reducing the speed of the member rotated" at a varying speed to lreduce or reverse the direction of rotation of the driven element as desired.

16. In aspeed transformer, the combination with two members z'. e; a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field v adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a, main drivin device' 'for normally operating one of Said members at a speed synchronous with that of the driving device, an element, means intei-posed 'between the field, armature and velement for automatically maintaining the relative speed between the lield and armature less than that between the membei driven at said synchronous speed and the element except when both relative speeds become'zero, and means including an auxiliary driving device for reversing the action of the speed transformer so that theelement l is `driven at a' speed synchronous-withlthat v'chronous with thatv of the main driving -`of the'auxiliary driving device the relative 'speed between'tlie field and armature being less than that between the element and the f main driving motor, and means whereby the main driving motor operates the auxiliary member normally driven at a speed syinevice except when both relative: speeds becomezero. I l. A

17. In aspeed transformer the combina*-4 -tion with two elements z'. e. a rotatable armature and a bodilyrotatable field adapted Y 'to act on veacli other so as to reduce their f relative speed, of a main driving device for rotating one of said members the other l'member being rotated due to -currents mduced in the armature, means intermediate? the two members for'automatically controlthe member rotated due to the induced currents, a driven element, a device for connecting said means and driven element at-` will,and anauxiliary driving device adaptfi; ed to be connected by'said connecting device -to .said intermediate means.

18. vI n a speed transformer the combina-l tion with :trotatablearniature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field, of a mam driving Y motor for directly4 driving the eld the ar- -mature being .rotated due to currents 1nduced therein, means for automatically'con-- trolling in `accordance to the loadl the speed Y of the armature, an auxiliary motor for oplerating said means to start the main driving motor, and means whereby the main driving.

f 19. Ina speed transformer the'combinaf tion with a rotatable armature and a bodily motor operates the auxiliary motor.

rotatable magnetic field, of a main driving motor for directly drivingv the field the armature being rotated due to currents induced therein,'means including a systemof planetary gearing for automatically controlling in accordance to the load the speed of the armature, an auxiliary motor `for operating said means to start the main driving motor, and mea-ns whereby the main driving motor operates the auxiliary motor.

20. In combination, a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable'magnetic field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce.

their relative speed, a main driving motor,

i means for automatically controlling iir accordance witlitheload the relative speed between the armature and field when driven by said main operating motor', an auxiliary motor or'operating-said means to start the lmain driving motor, and means whereby the main driving motor operates the auxiliary motor.

and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce .their relative speed, a main driving motor,

by said main operating inotor`an auxiliary motor for operating said means 'to start the motor.

22. In fa speed transformer'dthecombina# y tion With'two members z'. e., arotatable ar- `mature and a bodily rotatble magnetic field adapted to act on each other so' asto reduce theirrelative Speed, of a -niaiiirdriving device for normally rotating onel'of said members tlie other member being rotateddue to `,currents induced in the armature, and, an

auxiliary driving device fon-.rotating the last .mentioned member to start the main driving device themem'ber normally rotated 'by the main driving .device being then roktated due to currents induced yin the armature. i' ,23. In a speed transformerthe combination with two lmembers z'. c., a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to act on each other'soasto reduce their relative speed, of a main 'driving device forV normally rotating one o flsaid members the other member being rotated due to currents induced in 'the armature, an auxiliary driving devic'ef for rotating the last mentioned member to start themain driving device the member normally 4rotated by the main driving device -being--then rotated due to currents induced in the armature, an .element adapted to be driveii lby saidl main driving device through said'jarmature and field,Y and means operable ai? will for connecting'said element to be ldriven and for connecting said auxiliary driven device to start the main driving device.

24. In a speed transformer the combination with two members z'. @.fia rotatablecarmature and a lbodily rotatable magnetic fieldl adapted to act on each other so as to 'reduce their relative speed, df a main driv-- in device for normally rotating) one of said membersthe other member ing ro, tated due to c urrents induced in the armature, an auxiliary driving device for rotating the last mentioned member'to start the main driving device the member normally rotated by the main driving device being 'then rotated due to currents induced in the armature, and means whereby the main driving device is adapted to operate the auxiliary driving device.

Y. 25. In a speed transformer the combination with two -members z'. e., a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic 21.V In combination, a rotatable armature v members, the other member being rotated(v dueto currents induced in the armature, an

auxiliary driving Adevice vfor rotating the issuA drivingdevice is adapted to 4operate the.

- auxiliary driving device.

' 26. In combination, a prime mover, a driven member, change speed mechanism intermediate the prime mover and the driven member, a starting motor for starting said prime mover through said change speed mechanism, and means whereby the prime Itor or the driven member t0 mover rotates the auxiliary motor independently of the change speed mechanism.

27. In a motor vehicle, the combination of a prime' mover for driving the vehicle, a driven member, change speed means intermediate the motor and driven member, a starting motor for starting the prime mover through the change speed'means, and a single device for connecting the starting` 1nosaid change speed means. l

28. In a motor vehicle, the combination of a prime mover for driving the vehicle, a driven member, change speed means intermediate the mover and-driven member, a starting motor for starting the prime mover through the ychange speed means, a single device for lconnecting the starting motor orthe driven member to said change speed means, and means whereby the prime mover operates the starting motor independently of said change speed means. v

29. In a speed transformer, the combination with two members, that is a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field, adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a driven element, a prime mover for directly rotating. one of said members, Va gear fast to each member, a device adapted to be connected lto the driven element, and two gears carried by said devicel and meshing with the gears fast to the armature andtiel-d, the ratio ot' the intermeshing gears being such that the relative speed between`the two members is less than that between the driven element member, a device adapted to be connected to the driven element, two gears carried by said device and meshing with the gears fast to the armature and field, the ratio of the intermeshing gears being such that the relative speed between the two members is less than that between the driven 'element and the member directly driven by the pn'me mover except when both relative speeds become zero and an auxiliary mechanism'for operating said device and thereby start said prime mover.

31. In a speed transformer, the combination with two members, that is a rotatable armature and'a'bodily rotatable magnetic field, adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a driven element, a prime mover for directly rotating one of said members, a gear fast to each member, a device adapted,to be connected to the driven element, two gears carried by said device and meshing with the gears fast to the armature and field, the'ratio of the intermeshing gears being such that the relative speed between the two members is less than that between the. driven element and the member directly driven by the prime mover except ,when both relative speeds become zero, means for connecting said driven element and said device atwill, and an auxil'iary driving motor adapted to be connected by said means to said device. y

32. In a speed transformer, the combiarmature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field adapted to act' upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a, driven element, a prime mover for directly rotating one of said members, a gear fast to each member,-a deviceadapted to be connected to the driven element, two gears carried by said device and meshing with the gears-fast to the armature 'and field, the ratio of the intermeshing gears being such that the relative speed between the two members is less nation with two members, that is a rotatable than that between the driven element and the member directly driven by the prime mover except when both relative speeds become zero, an auxiliary motor for operating said device and thereby start said primev mover, and an automatic clutch whereby said'prime mover drives said auxiliary motor as a generator to supply current -to the ield while' the prime mover is operating under its own power.

33. In a speed transformer, the combination with two members, that is a rotatable armature and a bodily rotatable magnetic field, adapted to act upon each other so as to reduce their relative speed, of a driven element, a prime mover for directly rotating one of said members, a gear fast to each member, a device adapted to be con Inected to the driven element,' two gears carried by said device and meshing with the gears fast to the armature and field, the ratio of the intermeshing gears being such that the relative speed between the two member, a device adapted to .be connected to the driven element, two gears carried by said. device and meshing with the gears fast to the armature and field the ratio of the4 interineshing gears beingsueh that the relative speed between the two members is less than that between the driven element and the member directly rotated by the prime mover except when both relative speeds become zero, and means for reducing the speed ofone of said members to reduce the speed of or reverse the direction of rotation ot' the driven element.-

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature.

MAXIMILIAN M. GOLDBERG. 

